Successful learners try and adapt what they already know to new information being received. Unsuccessful learners try and adapt new information to fit with knowledge they have already mastered. When the latter begins to explore a subject that they have no prior information to check against, they struggle and reject everything about the new subject as being wrong or hard or unecessary. The point is to suspend your disbelief (Pallof and Pratt, 2005) just as you would when watching inception. New information is inception.